aurora, that’s a tough question to answer. On the one hand, some basic elements of kabala have become known broadly, such as the methodology of interpretation of esoteric concepts from text, or the meaning behind some of our lifecycle or holiday traditions, but there really is no “basic” knowledge – everything about genuine kabala is very deep and only to be approached after many years of study of the basics of Jewish law, Torah, etc. there are unfortunately many purveyors of fake kabala out there.
there is some engagement with the symbolism of the zodiac in kabala and in some of our prayers. For example the piyutim (medieval liturgy) said after the evening service (maariv) on Yom Kippur, for example, have specific connections to the different symbols. But it is not something I have investigated deeply, nor is it something I feel compelled to do or comfortable doing. Perhaps some of those more connected to chasidut can enlighten you about the elements of kabala that infuse their perspective, but I wouldln’t want to speak for them, other than to attest that there are elements of chasidut that stem from kabala.