In Eretz Yisrael, it’ considered appropriate to wear socks in a Chareidi neighborhood.
In both countries, it’s unlikely that anyone will bother you (well, except for the fact that will always be people who will bother you wherever you are. I had a lady come over to me at the Tachana Merkazit and yell at me for not having my hair in a pony tail. I guess she didn’t notice all the people around who were a lot less tznius than me.) but that’s not really the issue. It’s a question of what’s appropriate.
It is generally considered appropriate to wear socks in a Chareidi neighborhood in Israel or the US and there may be a minhag hamakom issue involved. Certainly, in Geula/Meah Shearim, even most not-Frum girls are makpid to wear socks.