I hadn’t read about this until now, so I don’t have much information on the Israeli system.
Residents in areas where earthquakes tend to occur know to set up homes and businesses in such a way as to minimize the dangers from heavy or sharp falling objects and know which areas of the structure offer the best protection in a pinch.
Building codes in such areas promote designs and practices that protect occupants and pedestrians to the extent possible.
Bear in mind that 30 seconds isn’t a lengthy amount of time, though it may be all the time at hand.
Note also, that one possible provision in a warning system withholds a warning were pandemonium is deemed the greater danger. For example, no call to evacuate a densely populated area if roadways cannot support a massive exodus.