Addir, it is definitely the Torah view. These are all derived from the tzelem Elokim.
Ubiquitin, free speech is also not absolute in American law. Neither is freedom of religion. See Reynolds vs. United States 98 U.S. 145 (1878). However, as general statements, they are certainly correct. According to the Avnei Nezer (YD 312, 48) the secular authorities only deal with sins against one’s fellow. So really the discussion is about the limits and how they are enforced. as a practical matter, it is almost impossible for even the Sanhedrin to do punish them, idol worshippers, etc. as the procedural rules are almost impossible to satisfy.
Always, please quote your source for the one-year rule. Look again at Baba Batra. It says “important person”. Rav Moshe. among others says that he does not have to be a talmid chacham but anybody appointed by the public. Much has been written aboutthis. Go and learn.