Chacham – to answer your question: Who are these mechalelei shabbos texting? And are they being responded to?
They are regular frum people – I was shocked when some of my friends texted me and sometimes they are answered to by others.
I actually know a Jewish school in Flatbush that many students text on shabbos and the school knows about it. It’s a more modern school. But the school still tries working with them instead of punishing them.
At one point the students all decided not to initiate the text. They would only respond to texts. After shabbos they all came back saying they didn’t text anyone because no one started the text.