Modern Orthodoxy in practice today means holding by a variety of halachic opinions, both strict, lenient and middle of the road, while being charedi means nearly always following the strictest opinion, and getting stricter and stricter with time. Scour the Torah and it’s hard to find a source for always picking the strictest opinion and getting stricter with time.
But in practice it’s not true that all MO lean toward leniency and all charedim lean toward strictness. Privately a lot of charedim are not that strict, on matters that are not visible to others.
Emotion and devotion in tefilah is a very individual thing. I’ve seen MO who daven their heart out at length while many charedim daven as quickly as possible. Many MO nowadays, particularly but not only in Israel, are very influenced by chassidic or other mystical teachings that emphasize spirituality and a fervent approach to davening (and Torah study and mitzvos).
Popular culture is also a very individual thing. I know MO who don’t have a TV and don’t watch movies. It’s not unheard of among charedim to watch TV and movies and follow sports.
Open Orthodoxy is a pretty marginal phenomenon within Orthodoxy. It just gets a lot of press. Look at the placements on YCT’s website and you’ll see that their graduates are mainly going to Hillels and small dying OOT shuls and such. And in practice many of the grads don’t rock the boat and are mainstream MO in talk and deed.