Zahavasdad, the Merriam-Webster dictionary defines “crime” as”:
: an illegal act for which someone can be punished by the government
: activity that is against the law : illegal acts in general
: an act that is foolish or wrong
Gavra, that is a complex issue. I refer you to the Machon Tzomet’s on-line article
???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? which discusses it. However, apparently this does not include a case where the ???? can make an evaluation or has a range (in the case of fines) as the practice in Germany was for the shamash to enter Jews’ homes and see how they were living in order to assess their communal tax obligations (“Yuspa of Worms”)