I’m still in yeshiva/college so I don’t claim to be an expert on the matter, but here is my two cents:
in the more yeshivish circles a rebbe does not need a degree (though you’d be suprised how helpful a bachelors or masters in education, psychology, or even math can be). If you want a job in a less yeshivish school system then it becomes more of a necessity.
In terms of the short hours requirement, forgive me if I’m cynical. The Torah says bizeas apecha tochal lechem. For 99% of the world this curse has held true. Some sweat and make millions, some sweat and make next to nothing. But they all sweat (no matter how many or few degrees they have). If there was a way to make a living by only working half a day, everyone would do it. The only way to not work much is to be supported or come up with some new idea (product, business model, new type of job) that is a success. In other words, if you want to live above the system, you have to work and think above the system.) Therefore, a yeshivish job doesn’t necassarily have short hours, just maybe not 90 hours a week.
The important thing to have in mind is to have bitachon that Hashem is looking out for you and that assuming you put in the proper hishtadlus (whatever that is for you), Hashem will help you get to where you need to be.
In terms of jobs that may be more conducive to a Torah lifestyle some are:
actuary
accountant
computer programmer
pathologist
(Parenthetically, judging by your questions (and previous threads) the life trajectory of yeshivish men is somewhat unfamiliar to you. I would highly reccomend that you speak to actual people as well before coming to a desicion.)