Not at all! All you would need is a few feet. And the government doesn’t have to put up any barriers!
The average highway lane is 12 feet in width although you may be able to get away with 10 feet. You are going to need to increase it from one lane each way to 3 lanes each way to accommodate growth.. The state will have to compensate the home owners which will be very expensive. Your way is to use the shoulder together with a few feet from the home owner wouldn’t work because the shoulder is needed in case a car breaks down.
As far as the barriers are concerned, the first accident in which one of these house are damaged the state will be sued for poorly designing the highway.