I left Shabbos out of my post since there is a lot of variability.
In MEd school Shabbos is generaly not an issue (though I have heard of some who have been given a hard time)
In residency depending on the specialty there are Shomer shabbos positions though these are dwindling for a variety of reasons
Post Residency it is more up to the individual (though as has been recurring these also depends on specialty)