Every few decades there was some massacre there. The worst persecution might have been in Yemen.
The Almohads were terrible, which explains what RabeinuBachyei wrote in רבינו בחיי [בראשית כא יד ד”ה ויתכן].
And the Rambam’s letter is famous .
[‘אגרת תימן’ להרמב”ם דף יד].
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Overall Dhimmitude treatment was the attitude – second class.
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However, we must remember that there were many periods of good times for Jews among the Arabs, when in Europe it was not.
And we should remember their reception after Gerush-Sfarad.
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Until Shavuot 1941 תש”א there were no massacres in Iraq recorded, but after the Nazi propaganda by Fritz Grobba, al Sabawi’s Mein-Kampf into Arabic / Palestine Mufti al Husseini and his pals who escaped there from the Brits in 1937 – hate incitement intensified resulting in the Farhoud pogrom where some estimate up to a 1,000 died. Children were thrown in the waters in front of parents and other brutalities which I prefer not to detail here…