Hillul Shabbat of 100+ years ago was different – it was a rejection. Nowadays, it is ignorance or at least, maintaining a status quo. R Salanter in his time said that he prefers to deal with Western European Jews who were low but stationary and could be talked to, rather than Litvishe (where haskala came later) who were on the downslope and nothing could be done about it.
I would also add to R Miller’s shita that it is not just those who fell away who were the cause of a problem, but whole communities that failed. R Hirsh was able to save a part of his community and there were other successful cases, but often leaders were not able to offer attractive alternatives. Not saying that it was an easy task, haskala changed human condition faster than anything before that,