skripka > “No True Scotsman”argument is definitely the way most people would argue
Gemora learning should cure that by giving you plenty of examples of taking different views and information sources into account and building a valid sevorah. When I talk to people who are ostensibly very learned but are not good at thinking, I have to presume they did not learn Gemora right …
Over time, you can see whether you are able to see what is good, or at least remarkable, by looking back. For example, I noticed Apprentice and used it as a recommendation about business education before Trump got into politics. Thus, I can be sure that if I see sense in his position, it is not entirely based on political propaganda. Similarly, I noticed the early book by Nosson Slifkin that he wrote while he was in yeshiva (Lying for truth), recommended it to multiple people and gave him sone feedback. So, when he started writing controversial stuff, I know that there is some strength to his argument (even if he disavowed his early book when I asked him later). You can do similarly by looking back at what contemporary talmidei chachamim wrote about before and then make conclusions.