feivel –
Hi feivel -Eye Doc -Mod 80 (retired) or whatever you call yourself.
Glad to have you back as another medical poster instead of a taskmaster.
From Web MD:
“Barrett’s Esophagus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
Barrett’s esophagus is a serious complication of GERD, which stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease. In Barrett’s esophagus, normal tissue lining the esophagus — the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach — changes to tissue that resembles the lining of the intestine. About 10%-15% of people with chronic symptoms of GERD develop Barrett’s esophagus.
Barrett’s esophagus does not have any specific symptoms. Patients with Barrett’s esophagus may have symptoms related to GERD. It does, though, increase the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, which is a serious, potentially fatal cancer of the esophagus.
Although the risk of this cancer is higher in people with Barrett’s esophagus, the disease is still rare. Less than 1% of the people with Barrett’s esophagus develop this particular cancer. Nevertheless, if you’ve been diagnosed with Barrett’s esophagus, it’s important to have routine examinations of your esophagus. With routine examination, your doctor can discover precancerous and cancer cells early, before they spread and when the disease is easier to treat.
GERD and Other Complications of Heartburn
What Is GERD and How Does It Relate to Barrett’s Esophagus?
People with GERD experience symptoms such as heartburn, a sour, burning sensation in the back of the throat, and other symptoms such as chronic cough, laryngitis, and nausea.
When you swallow food or liquid, it automatically passes through the esophagus, which is a hollow, muscular tube that runs from your throat to your stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter, a ring of muscle at the end of the esophagus where it joins the stomach, keeps stomach contents from rising up into the esophagus.
The stomach produces acid in order to digest food, but it is also protected from the acid it produces. With GERD, stomach contents flow backward into the esophagus. This is known as reflux.
Most people with acid reflux don’t develop Barrett’s esophagus. But in patients with frequent acid reflux, over time the normal cells in the esophagus may be replaced by cells that are similar to cells in the intestine to become Barrett’s esophagus.
Does GERD Always Cause Barrett’s Esophagus?
No. Not everyone with GERD develops Barrett’s esophagus. And not everyone with Barrett’s esophagus had GERD. But long-term GERD is the primary risk factor.
Anyone can develop Barrett’s esophagus, but white males who have had long-term GERD are more likely than others to develop it. Other risk factors include the onset of GERD at a younger age and a history of current or past smoking.
How Is Barrett’s Esophagus Diagnosed?
Because there are often no specific symptoms associated with Barrett’s esophagus, it can only be diagnosed with an upper endoscopy and biopsy. In general, doctors recommend that people over the age of 40 who have a long-term history of GERD be screened for Barrett’s esophagus.
To perform an endoscopy, a doctor called a gastroenterologist inserts a long flexible tube with a camera attached down the throat into the esophagus after giving the patient a sedative. The process may feel a little uncomfortable, but it isn’t painful. Most people have little or no problem with it.
How Is Barrett’s Esophagus Diagnosed? continued…
Once the tube is inserted, the doctor can visually inspect the lining of the esophagus. Barrett’s esophagus, if it’s there, is visible on camera, but the diagnosis requires a biopsy. The doctor will remove a small sample of tissue to be examined under a microscope in the laboratory to confirm a diagnosis.
The sample will also be examined for the presence of precancerous cells or cancer. If the biopsy confirms the presence of Barrett’s esophagus, your doctor will probably recommend a follow-up endoscopy and biopsy to examine more tissue for early signs of developing cancer.
If you have Barrett’s esophagus but no cancer or precancerous cells are found, the doctor will most likely recommend that you have periodic repeat endoscopy. This is a precaution because cancer can develop in Barrett tissue years after diagnosing Barrett’s esophagus. If precancerous cells are present in the biopsy, your doctor will discuss treatment options with you.
Can Barrett’s Esophagus Be Treated?
One of the primary goals of treatment is to prevent or slow the development of Barrett’s esophagus by treating and controlling acid reflux. This is done with lifestyle changes and medication. Lifestyle changes include taking steps such as:
Make changes in your diet. Fatty foods, chocolate, caffeine, spicy foods, and peppermint can aggravate reflux.
Avoid alcohol, caffeinated drinks, and tobacco.
Lose weight. Being overweight increases your risk for reflux.
Sleep with the head of the bed elevated. Sleeping with your head raised may help prevent the acid in your stomach from flowing up into the esophagus.
Don’t lie down for 3 hours after eating.
Take all medicines with plenty of water.
The doctor may also prescribe medications to help. Those medications may include:
Antacids to neutralize stomach acid.
H2 blockers that lessen the release of stomach acid.
Promotility agents — drugs that speed up the movement of food from the stomach to the intestines.
Proton pump inhibitors that reduce the production of stomach acid.
Are There Treatments That Specifically Target Barrett’s Esophagus?
There are several treatments, including surgery, that are designed specifically to focus on the abnormal tissue:
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a laser that’s inserted into the esophagus with the endoscope to kill abnormal cells in the lining without damaging normal tissue. Before the procedure, the patient takes a drug known as Photofrin, which causes cells to become light sensitive.
Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) lifts the abnormal lining and cuts it off the wall of the esophagus before it’s removed through the endoscope. The goal is to remove any precancerous or cancer cells contained in the lining. If cancer cells are present, an ultrasound is done first to be sure the cancer hasn’t moved deeper into the esophagus walls.
Surgery to remove most of the esophagus is an option in cases where severe precancer (dysplasia) or cancer has been diagnosed. The earlier the surgery is done following the diagnosis, the better the chance for the cure.
It’s important to keep several facts in mind:
GERD is common among American adults.
Only a small percentage of people with GERD (one out of every 10) develop Barrett’s esophagus.
Less than 1% of those with Barrett’s esophagus develop esophageal cancer.
A diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus is not a cause for major alarm. Barrett’s esophagus is, though, considered a precancerous state. So a diagnosis is a reason to work with your doctor to be watchful of your health.”
Back to Me:
The professional article (from Medscape/Emedicine -all one company as well as Web MD) states regarding the treatment options above -that to use them only in dysplasia (severe/high grade).
It’s not really done in regular cases of Barretts’. And even in dysplasia, not e/o agrees to treat, some say wait until cancer develops. The PDT & EMR -they are using in place of surgery.