To clear up a few issues:
Most often, when we refer to blessings, we are actually talking about blessing, or thanking, Hashem. There are different classes of blessings:
- Blessings on Mitzvos (commandments)
Before performing almost any Mitzva we thank Hashem for giving us that Mitzva and for the opportunity to perform it.
- Blessings on benefits
Before eating we make a short blessing and after eating we make a longer blessing. Not every enjoyment gets a blessing. There is no blessing for talking to a friend or listening to music. Basically, only something that is consumed and used gets a blessing, including smelling enjoyable fragrance.
- Blessings of praise
When we experience something outstanding or unusual, if it is on the list, we recite this type of blessing. On this list is: hearing personally good news, or bad news; visiting a site of a miracle; hearing thunder; seeing lightning, the ocean, untouched landscape, odd creatures, and a long lost friend. There is also a list of blessings recited every day, thanking Hashem for the ability to wake, for being who we are, for eye-sight, clothing, an erect posture, free movement, dry land, the ability to walk, shoes, strength, appearance and energy.
Separately, the everyday prayers were designed to cover all our very basic necessities. If there is something on your mind that you want to ask of Hashem you may ask at any time of the day in any language. Although, there is a benefit to asking in Hebrew. Likewise, you can always express gratitude, in any language, about anything that made you happy, even if there is no prescribed blessing for that.
The idea of prescribed prayers is that they are composed in the perfect model of prayer.