Reply To: Definition of ???? ??????

Many references to avodas kochavim in the gemara and other seforim are not literal, and were actually changed from the term nochri (or similar) to avoid offending people. The term “min” was also often changed. Sometimes the sensor was an a”h; it’s humorous to find, in hilchos taaruvos, the phrase “akum b’akumo”.