I don’t believe it’s true that progressive taxation to fund poor relief (what you’re calling Robin Hood policies) is forbidden. See these halachic sources (from an online course by Chabad shliach R’ Nochum Mangel):
In a place in which there is the custom or the desire to levy a
single tax for all needs together, the method of taxation
should be essentially according to wealth. For according to Torah law, all we collect for all these needs to be according to
wealth [not on a per capita basis]. (SHuT Tsits Eliezer, 22, p. 122)
and [to provide] wages for police and guardsmen. (Shulchan Aruch, Choshen Mishpat 163:1, 2)
each other to contribute. (Rema on Choshen Mishpat 163:1)
All the householders who pay taxes should be assembled and
all should resolve to say their opinion [i.e., state their opinion
and cast their vote for it] for the sake for heaven and then follow the majority. If the minority refuses, the majority has the
opinion is ignored and we follow the majority of those who
speak. (Rema, Choshen Mishpat 163:1)
The general principle is: Any law that a king decrees to be universally applicable, and not merely applying to one person, is
not considered robbery. But whenever he takes from one person alone in a manner that does not conform to a known law,
but rather seizes the property from the person arbitrarily, it is