4. Government provides all kinds of necessary or desirable social services that benefit some people more than others — prisons, road-building, financial regulations, and yes, preventing destitute people from starving by giving them a little income. I don’t see how the latter is really different than all the rest.
5&6. “When the majority decides to take stuff from the minority, that is just plain tyranny and stealing.” But that’s not what is happening. The majority is taking from the majority. It’s not as if only the richest people pay taxes. Virtually everyone pays taxes.
7. The distinction is between wealth and income. Wealth includes assets that are relatively stable — one’s net worth. Retirement accounts, houses, valuable personal belongings, etc. Income is what’s coming in — the money you receive. I agree it’s undesirable, and even akin to stealing, to talk somebody’s house and give it to somebody else. That’s the kind of thing Mao or Pol Pot did. But taking a small proportion of general tax revenues to give needy people a little income, which they more or less immediately spend on necessities, is neither redistribution of wealth or stealing. It’s just giving the needy some temporary help.
Regardless, it’s not feasible or desirable to take people’s voting rights away whenever they’re receiving any kind of government benefit, or to get rid of democracy in general. When you can’t vote, you can’t protect your rights — and I’m not talking about a “right” to welfare, but basic civil rights.
Moreover, what would really be in poor people’s interest is to pass legislation that would provide them with job training and job placement services, and probably an increased minimum wage, so that they could be self-sufficient rather than relying on benefits (Rambam’s highest level of charity!). Ratcheting down the drug war and reducing incarceration to reasonable levels would probably help too (since imprisonment devastates people’s job prospects and impoverishes those left in the community). But how are they supposed to achieve such things without being able to vote?