RE: Pollard and China, see Ronald J. Olive, (2006). Capturing Jonathan Pollard: How One of the Most Notorious Spies in American History Was Brought to Justice. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, p. 223, where he brings evidence that Pollard tole classified documents related to China on behalf of his wife, who used the information to advance her personal business interests and kept them around the house, where they were discovered by investigating authorities when Pollard’s espionage activity came to light.
Ironically, I read an article in the Jerusalem Report by Yossi Melman explaining how Israel is being overrun by Chinese spies. The Shin Bet is keeping a close eye on Chinese diplomats in Israel, especially in light of the fact that China is one of the main supporters of Iran and its nuclear regime (as evidenced by their shared membership on the SCO and other indicators), and just as China is committing cyber espionage against America, the Chinese in Israel operate with a variety of methods. They try to obtain data from open sources. They try to recruit and run agents in the most sensitive fields: military industries, the army and air force, the intelligence community and high-tech companies.
If Pollard did spy for China, it certainly didn’t end up being in Israel’s best interest. I do believe Pollard ought to be given clemency in light of proportionality concerns; Alger Hiss and other spies who did far worse were given lighter sentences. But Pollard isn’t the angel people paint him out to be.