Anonano: What you said is very accurate, with one exception. You might not find a Mussar class in an MO high school but you will find Hashkafa. In general, MO is a bit more philosophic and rationalist than the current Chareidi outlook, so you will find classes in “Jewish Philosophy” studying Rishonim (Moreh, Chovos Halevavos, Emunah V’deios, etc.) in most MO high schools.
HakunaMatada: The primacy of Talmud Torah over all else on an individual level is a recent phenomenon. That cannot be denied. If someone would claim that it was because in centuries past the community could never afford it, I would not necessarily dispute that (I wouldn’t necessarily agree either, but it is a valid claim). The current mode of everyone learning in Kollel for extended periods hasn’t happened before. I’m not saying it’s a bad thing. It would definitely be a legitimate Tayna to say that this is a Lechatchilah and we were stuck in a B’dieved situation for most of our history. But the fact is that things are different now.
The current views on “Da’as Torah” are very much modern innovations and show an extreme basis in Chassidish thought that permeated into even Litvish society. The current mode of radically changing normative Halachah L’chumra is also a fairly modern innovation, though the roots of it are definitely found in the times of the Rishonim and Chasidei Ashkenaz.
There are some MO things that are also relatively modern adaptations. Some MO leaders do place an interesting emphasis on certain types of secular learning. Far be it from me to impugn R’ Aharon, but his position that even the liberal arts can significantly enhance Talmud Torah is troubling. Maybe for him it has done so (or for people who attend his Yeshivah; Gush somehow manages to get a lot of incredible geniuses), but I don’t see how that is true of the general population. I could very much hear the Taanos both ways about math and science, though. Jews may not have traditionally studied them en masse, but then again no one did.