Welfare programs in the United States are not not among the world’s best (on the other hand, taxes are lower in the US than in most places).
Unless disabled, you won’t qualify for social security until old. However medcaid provides tolerable health care. There are food stamps, WIC and sometimes housing assistance. College for you and your children (includes distance education leading to degrees) is usually provided for free. In general welfare programs are structured to encourage you not to stay on them – this reflects a Protestant idea that it is sinful to be poor.
To deal with the inevitable poverty of being a kollel person, read a lot of history on how people used to live. Be thankful for AC in the summer, central heat in the winter,and indoor plumbing — not to mention fresh fruits and vegetables year round, and a large amoung of processed foods with hecksherim. This list goes on. If you look at how middle class people live in the 21st century you’ll get depressed. Look at how poor Bnei Torah lived in the 18th.