MW,
The Rambam clearly states in Mishna Torah that there is no need for a navi or Sanhedrin in the case of a milchemet mitzva ?? ?(http://www.hebrewbooks.org/rambam.aspx?sefer=14&hilchos=83&perek=5&halocha=2&hilite=).
2. ???”? ??? ?????? ?????????”? ??? ????? ??? ?
[????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? “??? ???? ?? ????] ??? ?????? ????????”. ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????, ??????? ??????, ??? ????: “???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???” ???’, ??? ????? ???? ????. ?????? ??? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ???????: “??? ?? ???? ??? ?’ ????? ??, ?? ???? ??? ???”. ????? ???: “?????? ?’ ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???”. ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???, ???? “????? ?? ?? ?’ ??????”, ??? “?? ?????”, ????? ???? ?????, ?? ????? ??????.
??????? “????? ????? ?????”, ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ?????: “?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????” ???’, “??? ???: ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????, ??? ?? ????. ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????: ‘?????? ???? ?????? ???????’, ???? ??: ‘?? ????? ???” ???’. ?????: “??? ????: ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????, ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????: ??? ??? ??? ?????, ?????? ????: ??????? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ???? ????; ???? ?? ??? ??”. ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????.
3. HeEmek Devar Devarim 17,14: http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14021&st=&pgnum=157
4. Saying that it is a mitzva to go to war is the same as saying that it is a milchmmet mitzva. No amount of sophistry will change that.
5. The point is that there was no navi in Rabbi Akiva’s time. In fact, I heard that the 12,000 pairs of talmidim who died were two groups. One went into the army and one did not. neither respected the other’s position.
6. The poskim to whom you refer were talking about those who are really learning not merely listed. I am sure that if there would be military bet midrash where they would learn for the success of the IDF like other support units those poskim would have no problem. There are also the hesder and mechina models, which could be extended to the Charedi sector. This, in fact, would save many boys who are not built for full-time learning and wind up preying on their own communities for lack of an outlet. I personally was witness to the beginnings (I ran for my life) of a rumble between the “shabab Chareidi” and the tzeniut patrol when I lived in Bnei Beraq.
7. No one has a problem with a private person supporting a bachur or anyone else he wishes to support. However, if the tzibbor is going to support someone and also release him from obligations the tzibbor has the right to make sure that they are not being cheated. In fact, Chazon Ish, Rav Shachand Rav Wolbe all condemned those who are using yeshivot to getout of the IDF but are not learning. I heard that the CI even said that they should be reported to the authorities. Rav Tzvi Yehuda Kook, as I previously posted, gave each bachur a personal pesak. Some were told to enlist and some were told not to.
DY, obviously Rav Moshe was talking about someone who has a future as a talmid chacham (see Taanit 21a).