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we do teshuva on our for fathers sins we also can be punished for their sins if we keep up there sinful ways even though we are separate humans we are still a part of them and basically the punishment is supposed to be a cleanser but how does that help someone who passed on the answer is that when a child is punished for his parents deeds and he knows about it the anguish of the parent is tenfold the pain of the child, as for how pain cleanses I won’t get into
As for repenting after a soul departs it is possible look in even Shlomo from the Vilna gaon it helps up to a certain extent it doesn’t take away the punishment but it reconciles your love with the ribono shel oilom