Reply To: Beard

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Lets try to avoid the trap of making this issue into a personal fight and return it to a rational discussion of the halachic issues involved.

The conclusion of the Gemarra in Makkos is that the only prohibition on shaving the beard is when it involves both giluach (shaving in the normal manner) and hashchasa (destroying the hairs to below the skin level). The Gemara writes that pulling out hairs with a tweezers is permitted because it is hashchasa without giluach and cutting with a scissors is permitted because it is giluach without hashchasa. The Beis Yosef writes that misparaim kein ta’ar (a scissors close like a razor) is permitted l’chatchila because it similar to a regular scissor involves giluach w/o hashchasa and the Rema Shach Taz Chasam Sofer etc concur.

It is clear from all the above mentioned Poskim that there is NO problem of lo silbash or “looking Goyish”, as they all permit removing all the hair with a tweezers or powder. The Chasam Sofer brings a number of Gemaros that a beard was NEVER considered a defining factor in “looking Jewish” and writes that wearing black shoes is much more problematic. He adds that since the Crusades it has been customary that only outstanding Talmidei Chachomim would grow beards.

Regarding Kabbalistic motives, the Chasam Sofer who was a talmid muvhak of the Hafla’ah and Reb Nosson Adler writes that there is no problem at all, as is evident from the MaHaRah miPano who was the “Father of Mekubalim” and was clean shaven. However there is admittedly much debate on this issue and it seems that different talmidim of the Arizal had various understandings on the matter. Since I am not personally versed in Kabbalah, I prefer not to comment.

It is also clear from the above that the mainstream, accepted Poskim are matir a misparaim kein ta’ar, the halachic category under which shavers fall. That is why I have quoted them as permitting electric shavers even though they did not address them directly, because part of the job of a Posek is to determine which existing category new technological innovation are most similar and the Poskim I listed permit l’chatchila the category of misparaim kein ta’ar.

Regarding the possibility that a shaver is a ta’ar, the Terumas HaDeshen brought in Darkei Moshe clearly defines the difference between a true ta’ar which is assur and a misparaim kein ta’ar which is mutar as whether the moving cutting blade makes direct contact with the skin. An electric shaver (other then possibly the lift-and-cut) certainly does not and would be mutar. Reb Tzvi Pesach Frank zatzal YD 143 clearly learns this way and therefore sees no issue with electric shavers, as does Rav Shmuel Kaminetzky based on personal conversations I have had with him on this issue. However Rav Vozner shlita in a number of teshuvos proposes an original understanding that the reason misparaim kein ta’ar is mutar is simply because it is not as close of a shave as a true ta’ar, but if it would create identical results it would also be considered hashchasa and be assur miD’Oraisa. Based on the assumtion that an electric shaver is in fact just as close as a razor he writes that they should be assur. He says he discussed this with the Chazon Ish who he understood to agree with his chiddish, but is disturbed that the Chazon Ish makes no mention of any issur in his sefer and seems to be uncertain if this indicates that he did not agree. It is evident from the teshuvos of the Nodah b’Yehuda and Chasam Sofer that one may cut the hairs of the beard with a scissors shorter then k’dei chagiras tziporen (what can be felt with the edge of the fingernail, for example when a shochet checks the schita knife) and this is NOT considered a ta’ar. They apparently either disagree with the understanding of the Shevet HaLevi or they define the closeness of a true ta’ar as leaving a PERFECTLY smooth face. This is something an electric shaver can not deliver.

While there are certainly grounds to be machmir, this pshat is not generally accepted. Furthermore, it is not an accurate depiction of the metzius as an electric shaver is NOT nearly as close as a razor, and it is not likely that even Rav Vozner would forbid shaving if he were aware of this.