YU has had a Chaver program since 5739. “The Chaver Program is a kollel for men entering or completing professional studies other than the rabbinate. Study programs in Gemarah, Halakha and ethics have been established for students who delay their entrance to graduate schools of medicine, law, psychology and business. Participants pursue a post-college year of intense study of Talmud and Halacha related to their professional goal while attending regular RIETS shiurim.” (from the YU website). I think that they also have to write and defend a thesis.
In Israel, Eretz Hemdah has revived the higher title Morenu. Baalei battim learn through source sheets and shiurim and take exams.