We have חכמה, בינה דעת. The first is wisdom, recognizing there is a problem by looking at the highest level of purpose. For example from Aesop fables, a bird with a big beak could not drink from a pitcher, so he threw in some pebbles to make the water rise. It is important not to concentrate too much at the pitcher as there might be water elsewhere. The highest level of purpose is to attain water. The second is understanding, comparing one item to the other and see if they are similar or not. The Chasam Sofer in Chulin 7 says that this is the purpose of a rebbi,teacher to be able to differentiate. The third is the most important one. It is the new knowledge we acquire.
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