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August 12, 2019 5:47 pm at 5:47 pm
#1772995
zahavasdad
Participant
The changes did not occur in the Shtels, they occured in the cities. When one wanted to go OTD you left the Shtel for either the big city or the US. More than half the jews in Warsaw were not religious in 1939. Other cities were similar. I belive the secular jews held the power in Vilna (Which is why Rav Chaim Ozer never became the chief rabbi of Vilna)