TLIK: It’s happened a few times already and is widely known as of now such as any husband in a contentious gittin dispute should be well aware of the risk prior to traveling to Israel that the zionist rabbanut there can be utilized to prevent their departure back home.
That being said, there’s a well known case from a number of years ago where the rabbanut prevented an American husband from returning to the US for that reason and he got the US State Department involved and the State Department forced Israel to release the American who was only being held over a religious gittin dispute that transpired in the US with his American wife, none of them having any permanent connection to the State of Israel.