It is an absolute halachic obligation to be vaccinated unless someone has a specific medical condition that precludes vaccination. You can read “Halachic Aspects of Vaccination” by
Rabbi Dr. Edward Reichman M.D. online.
Society can certainly protect itself by restricting certain venues to those who have been vaccinated or recovered. In the U.S. compulsory vaccination was upheld by the Supreme Court in Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11 (1905).