>> However with viruses like the flu and covid-19, they mutate constantly and therefore the shots against them are virtually useless.
Phil, Covid vaccine developers took that into account. Covid mutates less than flu and there are certain features that Covid virus needs to have in order to be effective. Vaccines were developed to attack multiple patterns like that. Variants seem to decrease vaccine effectiveness but not fully. Level of antibodies does not fully account for the whole immune system, such as T-cells. Real-life data is more indictive. This month Israeli data – seniors have 7x less hospitalizations with vaccine months ago v. those who do not. So, this is a 2x decrease from 15x as in Phase 3 against original virus, but still substantial effect.