I think that most instances of a doctor being mentioned in the Gemara, it was a woman. Even if not most, it was pretty prevalent.
Although the main way of making money — travel, trade, and labor — was not commonly available to women, hence the necessity for the Kesubah arrangement, there were some jobs that allowed then to earn more. This included being a doctor. Today there are plenty more opportunities, which can even satisfy Tznius.
It should never be about hampering or hindering. Tznius is a value, not a lock.