Ujm, not only is it forbidden, the rambam is uncharacteristically lengthy in his description of the danger of people allowing themselves to think freely in philosophy. His words are chotzvim lehavos aish; this is from perek 2 halacha 3 in hilchos avoda zara
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Even in his time, a yid is told by the rambam that he is not supposed to trust his sechel to come to the right conclusions in issues of emunah/hashkofa. Lo sasuru means not to get into such mental discussions or entertain thoughts regarding those issues. Obviously if someone has problems he needs support and sometimes he needs answers/proofs, but it is definitely not an ideal or a worthy pursuit of intentionally exposing one’s self to harmful influences, especially being totally immersed in a hostile culture without having had spent years in a serious Yeshiva (since those who do, know enough not to subject themselves to such things, so it ends up being the weaker elements who go, thus augmenting the danger exponentially)
It’s arrogant to say that we’re stronger than the yiden to whom this halacha was said. It’s a fallacy that you’re not influenced by what’s around you or what you read, and this is (as above, and many other sources) demonstrable from tanach, chazal, rishonim and achronim.
Lo sasuru, the mitzvah of not having goyim live in eretz yisroel is based on “pen Yachtiu oscha li”, “lest they make you sin to me”. Even if we’re the dominant power in the land, allowing a single oved avoda zara to live in eretz yisroel amid MILLIONS of Jews is a danger! The Torah says to get rid of him, because he will cause others to sin by his influence.