Always,
Between the 2 world wars, a number of million Yidden were shmad by joining the “bundistin” and the “communistin,” as you said. The approximately 1 million Jews who came to America before the Holocaust, also had almost all become off the derech, as you pointed out. Reason given was the hardship in holding a job while being Shoimer Shabbos.
However, there were an additional 1 million Yidden who were turned irreligious by joining the “tzionistin.”
The city Satmar in Hungary turned 50% irreligious at the end because of zionism. (Hence, the Satmar Rebbe z”l’s brewing hatred of the tziyoinim. He saw first hand what they did to the youth in his town.) The famous video of Munkatch in Hungary before WWII, with the boys and girls dancing together to zionist music, also had 50% shmad from tziyoinim. Vilna and Brisk in Lithuania (Lita,) by 1938 were turned 97% irreligious by the 3 sects, Bundist, Communist & Zionist. (Practically all, besides for the 2,000 bachurim of the famous Yeshivos.) These are a few examples by cities and countries.