“Some of the gadolim of our time have been treated by medical teams that include both men and women when their lives were at risk.”
Actually, women were quite prevalent in the medical field in the times of Chazal. The Gemara describes Rebbe Yochanan as having gone to a certain doctor who was a woman. Abbaye’s step mother was a doctor, and I Gemara quotes her advice.
The reason for the Kesuba arrangement is that in those days woman weren’t usually able to make a sustainable living. Most jobs in those days were either traveling investors or day laborers. Even in these “progressive” days, women don’t frequent these markets. Therefore, Chazal instituted the Kesuba, where the man is obliged to support all her needs, and in return she does her part.
But even then, the wife had the right to forgo the arrangement and proclaim that she can provide for herself: for example, if she is a doctor.
Today, with the second advent of the sedentary industries, including law, academia, labs, computers etc. women are much more able to work and earn competitive wages.
And so, nothing changed in the realm of Hashkafa, in this regard.