True, Chareidi literally translates as “one who shakes out of fear of Heaven”, but I think we all agree that that’s not what the term refers to today. Today the term Chareidi refers (IMHO) to somebody with a certain set of hashkafos:
1) The Chareidim believe in “sheltering” themselves from the secular world and its influence as much as practically possible. Some Chareidim believe in dressing and acting very differently other nations so as not to mix with and become influenced by them.
2) The Chareidim often have a much broader view of the concept of Mesorah then the MO do. Therefore, they are very wary of anything new to Judaism (Zionism, expanded roles for women, etc).
3) Chareidim often advocate chumros, or making sure to follow the most stringent halachic opinion.