The tragedy of JAL flight 123 had such a high number of casualties because the 747 had been configured to carry the maximum number of passengers possible.
By the time the Japanese rescue team reached the crash site, only four of the 524 passengers were still alive.
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Georgia refused to allow some of its territory -South Ossetia – to be controlled by a separatist pro-Russian group that had declared themselves independent of Georgia.
The Georgian army attacked the separatists to reclaim their territory.
The very next day, Russia invaded South Ossetia, conducted bombing raids against Georgia itself, and eventually forced Georgian forces from South Ossetia and actually invaded parts of Georgia.
Recognizing that they had no chance of winning, Georgia agreed to a ceasefire that effectively removes South Ossetia from their control and leaves it in the hands of a pro-Russian puppet government.