Akuperma, Rambam says (Hilchot Melachim 7:4)that in a milchemet mitzva (and there is general agreement that all of Israel’s wars gave been milchamot mitzva and that there is, in fact, a continuous milchemet mitzva – see there 5:1 and Ramban Sefer HaMitzvot Mitzvot that Rambam “forgot”) all go out to the army and that strong, aggressive military police are appointed to patrol with iron cutting implements which they may use to cut off the forelegs of deserters. Rav Tzvi Yehuda did say that those who learn only need go if the Minister of Defense decides that it is necessary but nobody is saying that those who really learn all day long should be drafted, only those who do not – and certainly those who are registered in yeshivot and kollelim but in reality either waste time or work in the underground economy.
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