Katan,
1. Rambam says that they are ??? ???. Moreover, he does not bring them in Mishna Tora. The Tor and Shulchan Aruch also do not bring them. They are not halacha.
2. The Patria was sunk by accident. The intent was to disable it so that the British ym”s could not send it back.
3. What you wrote about the Yemenites is nonsense.
4. I do not know of the this quote. In any case, many peopel have said many things about opposing factions. This says nothing about the movement or its function in history.
5. The oaths, if they were ver binding, were limited to a maximum of when Hashem obviates them through His hand in history. Those who do not see it are, as Rav Soloveichik termed it,”those whose eyes are shut”.