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Does anyone know the mekor for this?
It’s a 3-way Machlokes Tannaim. I think we assume it’s from the Passuk in Ki Sisa, “V’hiznu Es Banecha Acharei Eloheihem”, that your kids from a Nochri male are considered yours but not from a Nochri female. (By the way, a small but significant chunk of Rishonim there hold that you need two Jewish parents for a kid to be Jewish. However, that Shittah has been completely rejected and is not even used in the Achronim for such important cases as Hataras Agunos.)
R’ Bleich’s article sheds light into those who hold that the child of a Jewish mother could require conversion. As late as the 1970s, a Dayan Shlomo Yaluz in Haifa even suggested this.
In Parshas Emor, by the ????, it says ???? ??? ?????, and ??? explains “???? ???????”. Now – the ???? says clearly that ?? ??? ???????, and ?? ??? ????. The fact that he was ????? would suggest that he was a goy, even though his MOTHER was Jewish and his FATHER wasn’t.
??? ??????? ?? learns that ????? ???? ??? ????? and that the child will not be Jewish. ??”? on :?? seems to hold that according to the shita of ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???, the child will not be Jewish. (See ??”? ??????? ?? about ????; seems to be a ????? {although one can be ???? between a ???? ?????? and an ???, because an ??? ??? ?? ????}; see ????? and ???”? there)
See also ??? ????? ??.
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