When & why did we start giving children more than one name?

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  • #607596
    shmendrick
    Member

    The avos, shvotim, zekaynim, nevi’im, tanayim, amoraim, rishonim etc all had only one first name. When and why did we start giving two, three, four or more first names?

    #916277
    akuperma
    Participant

    It started becoming popular a few centuries ago when, Baruch ha-Shem, population started to rise (largely because more babies surived into adulthood, and fewer women died in childbirth). If everyone had only a single name, it would get awfully confusing.

    #916278
    WolfishMusings
    Participant

    Don’t know.

    If it bothers you that much, don’t give your kids more than one name.

    The Wolf

    #916279
    TheGoq
    Participant

    I was only supposed to have two names but between my birth and my bris a big rov was niftar and my parents added his name to the original two.

    #916280
    HaKatan
    Participant

    It’s brought down in halacha to add a name when naming after another person, in certain circumstances. Also, there are actually some phrase names in Tanach, so it’s not quite true that they all had only one first name.

    Interesting topic, though.

    #916281
    shmendrick
    Member

    I seem to recall seeing in a sefer that a name gives a person chayus. Since the doros became weaker and needed more chayus, additional first names were given.

    (Possibly I saw this in a Chasam Sofer? – the collective wisdom of the members is welcome to correct me)

    If this is correct (very big IF) – is it important to give more than one name?

    #916282
    nitpicker
    Participant

    I heared a taped shiur about names given by rav yissachar frand.

    he said that the marshal criticized the then somewhat new practice of giving people more than one name.

    I also saw in sefer nachlas shivah (the classic sefer on writting shtaros of all types) that the author also expressed surprise at the unusual practice in some places of giving more than one name.

    it was also evident to me from this sefer that at that time, when a person’s name was changed due to illness, it was completely changed to a different name. not as we do, which is to add on an additional name before the current name.

    also yes, you can find names in tanach and mishnah that are a phrase but it is still a single name.

    #916283
    shmendrick
    Member

    I spent the last few hours b’iyun on this topic.

    A few rare exceptions: Rav Oshia Beribi, Rabi Eliezer Hakefar Beribi found in Eruvin 53a, Avoda Zara 43a, Chullin 28a, 84b.

    Abba Shaul, Abba Yosi.

    Ayeh Mari – Gittin 35a

    One and only one of the Ba’ali Tosfos that has a double first name: R’ Yaakov Yisroel, mentioned in Tosafot Ketubot 98b and Chullin 112a.

    Even in this case, note that Yaakov and Yisroel were the same person: Yaakov Ovinu.

    The Chasam Sofer (which I recalled, boruch Hashem for blessing my zicoron) – Chasam Sofer Even Haezer II #18, see for discussion.

    Both the Noda B’yehuda and Chasam Sofer seem to use negative tones against giving more than one name.

    Rav Moshe Feinstein Iggerot Moshe Orach Chaim V, 10:3 suggests that the custom originated out of necessity. When Jews were locked in ghettos, and they had to obtain something from outside the ghetto walls, they would have to bribe the guard to allow one of them out. The guard would not let them out unless he was relatively certain that they would not be caught. As such, the guards were unwilling to accept bribes to allow people who only had Jewish names out of the ghetto as this would surely get them caught. Giving a non-Jewish name only for the trip out of the ghetto also would not suffice because one who is not used to their non-Jewish name is also likely to get caught. To counter this problem they began to give people two names, a Jewish and non-Jewish one. They would be called by both names so that they would

    be used to their non-Jewish names as well in case the need ever arose to use it.

    Reb Moshe writes (Iggerot Moshe, Orach Chaim V, 10:3) that although it was certainly inappropriate to start such a practice of giving multiple names, since it is not forbidden, any rabbinic objection would certainly go unheeded.

    From all this, HALOCHA L’MA’ASEH – one should REFRAIN from giving two names unless it is necessary!!!

    Related to another thread discussion about giving names,

    http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/coffeeroom/topic/can-batsheva-name-her-child-elisheva:

    Boruch Hashem that He was mezacka me to be marbitz Torah b’rabim!!

    #916284
    147
    Participant

    If everyone had only a single name, it would get awfully confusing.

    Are you shmendrick saying that 600 male names in Tenach is not sufficient choice of names to avoid confusion?

    B’H I have 1 Hebrew name, and B’H my Dad has 1 Hebrew name, so it is so much easier when I receive an Aliya, to simply give the Gabbai 1 name for myself & 1 name for my Dad.

    If someone does have a double or more names, I had a Pesack from Rav Melech Shachter ZT’L, that one ought to utilize all that person’s names, each time once calls or refers to or addresses that person. But he also said in no uncertain terms, how absolutely preferable it is to give a single name only.

    My having 1 Hebrew name & my Dad having 1 Hebrew name, I have several times been called upon to be an “Eid” to sign Kesuvoh & Get, because the Mesader Kiddushin & Mesader Get did not wish to get involved with complex multi-names.

    #916285
    shmendrick
    Member

    147 – why are you attributing akuperma comment to me?

    #916286
    HaLeiVi
    Participant

    Perhaps, like our pronunciations, we borrowed the idea from our hosts.

    #916287
    shmendrick
    Member

    New chumrah: Only one name per child. TRADITION!!!

    #916288
    🍫Syag Lchochma
    Participant

    Really Goq, which one? **guilty of soliciting personal info**

    #916289
    yytz
    Participant

    Many gedolim of recent and ancient times have had two names. Among them are the Tur (13th century), the Kli Yakar (16th century), the Minchah Belulah (16th century), the Baal HaTanya (18th century), the Degel Machane Efraim (18th century). Not only did Rav Elyashiv have two names, but at least one of his own children did (probably more — I just couldn’t find their names). If having two names is OK for them, it has to be OK for us too.

    #916290
    Torah613Torah
    Participant

    This is the first time I felt good about having only one name!

    #916291
    TheGoq
    Participant

    Syag, the third one!

    #916292
    just my hapence
    Participant

    I know the Chasam Sofer wrote a teshuva about giving children more than one name, but it mustn’t have been all that bad as he gave his son 3 (Avrohom Shmuel Binyomin)…

    Shmendrick – I have to wonder, when does tradition start? Is it the 18th Century (see thread on davening from phones…) or is it before then (as here)? Either tradition starts before the 18th Century, in which case 1 name only is traditional and learning from vilna Shas and wearing black and white is not, or it starts with the 18th Century in which case the reverse?

    #916293
    nitpicker
    Participant

    A few rare exceptions: Rav Oshia Beribi, Rabi Eliezer Hakefar Beribi found in Eruvin 53a, Avoda Zara 43a, Chullin 28a, 84b.

    Abba Shaul, Abba Yosi.

    Ayeh Mari – Gittin 35a

    These are not exeptions at all.

    these names are compounds with more than one part. not two names.

    #916294
    lesschumras
    Participant

    Shmendrick, many of thesingle name rabbonim also had jobs. How come that doesn’t count as tradition?

    #916295
    Aishes Chayil
    Participant

    JMH

    While we are on the subject of the Ch’Sofer, can someone please explain to me why many of his generations today, dont follow his derech re-gebrokst on Pesach?

    #916296
    midwesterner
    Participant

    Bribi is a title. As are Abba and Mari.

    #916297
    shmendrick
    Member

    nitpicker – “These are not exceptions at all.

    these names are compounds with more than one part. not two names.”

    The Noda B’yehuda provides these examples, look it up.

    You should suggest your p’shat to him. The N.B. suggests other explanations (such as Beribi or Abba being a title etc.) but he did not chap your chiddush (a chiddush that even Moshe did not get from Sinai) that these are simply compounded names.

    As I wrote, it is true that many gedolim themselves had more than one name (which was imposed on them by their parents) and they themselves gave more than one name to their children, yet they discourage it as a general rule. Example I mentioned earlier: Chazon Ish etc.

    As such, it is VERY appropriate if this chumrah can be instituted – that as a general rule we should only give one name, subject to exceptions of sholom bayis / avoiding machlokes, tzorech godol, hefsed merubah, sha’as hadchak etc. But that should be the EXCEPTION, not the rule.

    #916298
    thehock
    Member

    Who had a number of names, including Re’uel, Petu’el, etc? (Hint: someone from Tanach.) Maybe we should start adding multiple names later, rather than at birth, to be fair to the traditionalists.

    #916299
    WIY
    Member

    Shmedrick

    You are a troll and a real shmendrick.

    You said “I spent the last few hours b’iyun on this topic.” Total lies. All you did was a google search and you cut and pasted someone elses hard work and are claiming it as your own. You really are low.

    The true credit for shmedricks post above with all the sources is from Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz the Rav of Beis Hakneses of Woodmere. You should really be ashamed of yourself for being such a phony fraud.

    Here is the real source

    http://www.bknw.org/uploads/5/9/9/5/…/choosing_your_childs_name.pdf

    #916300
    benignuman
    Participant

    Shmendrick,

    “Beribi” is not a first name. It is short for “ben Rebbi.”

    I have long maintained that the only person you find in the Torah giving a double name is Paroah, who gave Yosef the name Tzofnas Poneach. Clearly giving two names is a goyishe zach.

    #916301
    HaLeiVi
    Participant

    nitpicker, these actually seem like titles rather than names. Nor is Shlomo Zalman a proof, it is the vernacular for Shlomo, similar to our Solomon. That is actually another possibility of how the trend started. First the nickname was added later as a title, and then it became part of the name and was given at birth. Later, the second name became more random.

    Perhaps we can point to Yaakov Avinu, Moshe Rabbeinu, and Shlomo Hamalech, although we never find them being called more than one at a time.

    #916302
    oomis
    Participant

    It is my (granted limited) understanding that there are no real Halachos regarding names, though there are many minhagim. In that light, people can do what they wish, and should not be criticized. If you hold only one name should be give, by all means DO that. I know a young man with smicha in Monsey, who personally strongly holds by one name, but gave his recent child two. People should live and let live, where matters of Halacha l’Maiseh are not involved.

    #916303
    shmendrick
    Member

    oomis – we Torah yidden wear black and white, we see everything as right or wrong, there is no grey.

    #916304
    twisted
    Participant

    shmendrick, that was a decidedly unhalachic response to the astute and well reasoned post of Oomis. Also, please do not paint us all (we Torah yidden) as blindered and color blind. Some of us see halacha in vivid colors, and yes grey is one of them. Herd mentality is not the best way of seeking truth.

    #916305
    just my hapence
    Participant

    Aishes Chayil – No idea, but what’s that got to do with anything?

    #916306
    147
    Participant

    While we are on the subject of the Ch’Sofer, can someone please explain to me why many of his generations today, dont follow his derech re-gebrokst on Pesach?

    The quality of baking the Maztos is far superior to what it probably was in the past and the incidence of unbaked flour is far remoter, so the reason necessitating a ban on gebrokt is far less necessary & called for.

    #916307
    ☕ DaasYochid ☕
    Participant

    WIY,

    Nice pickup.

    #916308
    nitpicker
    Participant

    nitpicker – “These are not exceptions at all.

    these names are compounds with more than one part. not two names.”

    The Noda B’yehuda provides these examples, look it up.

    very interesting. in fact amazing.

    the mahrshal (as i think I remember quoted by rav yissachar frand)

    said there were none. so he didn’t see it same as as the noda b’yehuda.

    to haleivy.

    I am not sure why you addressed your comment to me, but I agree completely. My own second name is another example and I am sure it also was just a nickname, never used formally, in previous generations. As you say, these names eventually became actual

    names used to call up or in shtaros. Still later they became stand-alone names in their own right, without the name they used to accompany.

    #916309
    aurora77
    Participant

    Oomis and twisted, beautifully put!

    #916310
    shmendrick
    Member

    147- “The quality of baking the Maztos is far superior to what it probably was in the past and the incidence of unbaked flour is far remoter, so the reason necessitating a ban on gebrokt is far less necessary & called for.”

    Chmetz is “b’mashehu” which is even a speck. When the flour and water is mixed, is it not possible that a minute speck of flour remained on the outside or inside of the dough? This speck of flour can later become chometz if used gebrokt!!

    Ask any lady who bakes challah if it is possible that a speck of flour remained and did not mix into the dough!!

    #916311
    popa_bar_abba
    Participant

    Chmetz is “b’mashehu” which is even a speck. When the flour and water is mixed, is it not possible that a minute speck of flour remained on the outside or inside of the dough? This speck of flour can later become chometz if used gebrokt!!

    Ask any lady who bakes challah if it is possible that a speck of flour remained and did not mix into the dough!!

    I have no no disrespect for the minhag. But I will happily disrespect your unbelievable and idiotic thinking that it is pashut.

    If it was such a real concern like you say, it would be assur m’dina.

    #916312
    shmendrick
    Member

    Some actually hold that it is ossur midina because it is korov l’vaday ossur (or at very least, sofek issur d’oraysa).

    #916314
    ZeesKite
    Participant

    More than one name

    Some by being accused…

    #916315
    HaLeiVi
    Participant

    benign, actually it means, great one.

    #916316
    HolyMoe
    Participant

    OK, here are some from TaNaCh:

    Ish Baal

    Ish Boshes

    Meriv Baal

    Ish Tov

    Lo Ami

    Lo Ruchama

    And if you don’t like those, here are some even better ones:

    Oved Edom

    Keren Hapuch

    Mordechai Bilshon

    And the winner is from Yeshaya:

    “And we shall name him: Pelle Yoetz El Gibor Avi Ad Sar Sholom.” That’s right. Eight names for one person!

    Tuval Kayin

    Malki Tzedek

    Ben Oni

    Poti Fera

    Imanu El

    Maher Shalal Chash Baz

    Cheftzi Bah

    #916317
    shmendrick
    Member

    popa_bar_abba – “I will happily disrespect your unbelievable and idiotic thinking that it is pashut. If it was such a real concern like you say, it would be assur m’dina.”

    At the end of the Shulchan Oruch HaRav there are Shu”t from the Rav. Simon Daled of Shu”t O.C. third para:

    “…our eyes see many matzos have on them minute amounts of flour which can be seen by the eye after the baking, this is impossible to deny, and the reason this is not mentioned by the earlier poskin, because then they …but now we are machmir to mix the dough very very quickly and therefore small amounts of flour are found in the dough, as anyone who examines it will discover.”

    So, b’michalas kvodo, indeed, the concern of gebrokt is NOT LESS but GREATER today than in the previous generations!! What was once a hiddur or chumrah is potentially today an issur chmetz b’pessach!!

    This is very serious, and it is a mitzvah to be mifarsem it to the tzibur!! The oneg Yom Tov of eating a matzah-ball comes at the actual risk of an issur d’oraysa!

    #916318
    machmoud
    Participant

    tosfos in yuma daf 46b,ksubos daf 98b, & chulin daf 112a,brings rebbi yakov yisroel

    #916319
    shmendrick
    Member

    Indeed, and that is the ONLY Bak Tosfos with two names which happen to be, as I pointed out, the two names of the one person, Yaakov Ovinu. This is quite different than combining names of different people.

    #916320
    WolfishMusings
    Participant

    This is very serious, and it is a mitzvah to be mifarsem it to the tzibur!! The oneg Yom Tov of eating a matzah-ball comes at the actual risk of an issur d’oraysa!

    Ah, so now you’re no longer content to just pick on the modern-Orhtodox crowd. Now you’re up to insinuation that anyone who eats g’brokts is very possibly eating chometz.

    Your idea of Shivim Panim L’Torah is kind of like Henry Ford’s idea of choice of color for the model-T.

    The Wolf

    #916321
    WolfishMusings
    Participant

    As such, it is VERY appropriate if this chumrah can be instituted – that as a general rule we should only give one name, subject to exceptions of sholom bayis / avoiding machlokes, tzorech godol, hefsed merubah, sha’as hadchak etc. But that should be the EXCEPTION, not the rule.

    The more you post, the more I become convinced that every time you say that something is a “very appropriate chumra” to institute, the more I become convinced that the exact opposite is true.

    Either that, or (more likely) you’re just throwing the most outrageous things you can think of out there and seeing what gets reacted to.

    The Wolf

    #916322
    nitpicker
    Participant

    Ish Baal

    Ish Boshes

    Meriv Baal

    Ish Tov

    Lo Ami

    Lo Ruchama

    come on!

    you mean (in your second example) one name is ish and one is boshes? or one name is ish and one name is tov!

    one name is lo and one name is ruchama?

    And the winner is from Yeshaya:

    “And we shall name him: Pelle Yoetz El Gibor Avi Ad Sar Sholom.” That’s right. Eight names for one person!

    this is at most 4 names.

    #916323
    HaLeiVi
    Participant

    Peleh Yoetz is probably referring to Hashem. The Meforshim disagree about Sar Shalom. Ish Boshes is one name, and so is Lo Ruchama. You couldn’t call them Ish or Lo, the name was both words; it isn’t two names.

    Moshe, Tuvya and Avigdor are three names but they are alternative names. You won’t find him being called Moshe Tuvya ben Amram.

    In the Gemara we find that the known names aren’t the original names. Lo Rebbe Meir Shmo Ela Rebbe Nehora’i Shmo. Abaye’s name might have really been Nachmeini, not Abaye.

    #916324
    shmendrick
    Member

    WolfishMusings – “Now you’re up to insinuation that anyone who eats g’brokts is very possibly eating chometz.”

    Re: Gebrokt – I cited chapter and verse that in our times, eating gebrokt is likely eating chometz. (See end of the Shulchan Oruch HaRav there are Shu”t from the Rav. Simon Daled of Shu”t O.C. third para, quoted above).

    You are simply coming with your da’as balHabayis and bringing proof from svoras habeten.

    Re: Giving multiple names – I cited several poskin who disapprove giving multiple names (even when they themselves did). To say that I am “just throwing the most outrageous things you can think of out there” is disrespectful to the poskin I cited.

    I suspect that you believe that ANYTHING you never heard of before must be “outrageous”. Let me assure you that such an attitude is outrageous.

    Would you take such an approach which medicine or science, that if you are told something in those fields that you never heard before – it is “outrageous”?! THAT would be outrageous.

    This is a Yeshivish site for people that are guided by halacha, not just their own limited logic and inadequate knowledge.

    #916325
    Milhouse
    Participant

    Actually the pasuk says that Hashem, who is Pele Yo’etz, Kel Gibor, Avi Ad, said to call the baby Sar Shalom. So even if you count Sar Shalom as two names, that’s all he had.

    #916326
    Milhouse
    Participant

    yytz, since when did the Tur have two names?

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